A psychologist was interested in whether there was a gender difference in the use of e-mail. She hypothesized that because women are generally better communicators than men, they would spend longer using e-mail than their male counterparts. To test this hypothesis, the researcher sat by the e-mail computers in her research methods laboratory and when someone started using e-mail, she noted whether they were male or female and then timed how long they spent using e-mail (in minutes).

Based on the SPSS output below, what should she report?

Group statistics

Gender

N

Mean

Std. Dev.

Std. Error

Mean

Time using e-mail (Day 2) Male

Female

8

8

5.000

32.000

4.5039

40.0464

1.5924

14.1585

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

F

Sig.

Time Using Email (Day 2) Equal variances assumed

Equal variances not assumed

12.999

.003

t-test for Equality of Means

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Time Using Email (Day 2) Equal variances assumed

Equal variances not assumed

-1.895

-1.895

14

7.18

.079

.099

Mean Differences

Std. Error Difference

95% Conf. Intervals Lower Upper

Equal variances assumed

Equal variances not assumed

-27.000

-27.000

14.2478

14.2478

-57.558 3.558

-60.523 6.523

a.
Females spent significantly more time using e-mail than males, t(7.18) = -1.90, p < .05.

b.
Females spent significantly more time using e-mail than males, t(14) = -1.90, p < .05.

c.
Females and males did not differ significantly in the time spent using e-mail, t(7.18) = -1.90, ns.

d.
Females and males did not differ significantly in the time spent using e-mail, t(14) = -1.90, ns.