The attractive force F (in newtons, N) between two objects varies directly with the product of the masses of the objects (in kg) and inversely with the square of the distance between them (in meters). The Earth has a mass of 5.97 ×1024 kg; the Moon has a mass of 7.35 ×1022 kg; the distance between them is about 3.84 ×108 meters; and they exert a gravitational force on each other of about 1.98 ×1020 newtons. The distance between Earth and Mars is 5.46 ×1010 meters at minimum, and Mars has a mass of about 6.42 ×1023 kg. What is the gravitational force that the Earth and Mars exert on each other when they are closest to one another?

A. about 11.43 × 1016 newtons
B. about 11.88 × 1016 newtons
C. about 9.3 × 1016 newtons
D. about 8.55 × 1016 newtons