Kara compared the number of text messages 100 students sent in one day and the grade point average (GPA) of each student. The correlation coefficient among the data is –0.9 rounded to the nearest tenth. Based on this information, which statement is MOST likely true?
A.
There is both correlation and causation between GPA and the number of text messages.
B.
There is correlation but not causation between GPA and the number of text messages.
C.
There is causation but not correlation between GPA and the number of text messages.
D.
There is neither correlation nor causation between GPA and the number of text messages.

An annual marathon covers a route that has a distance of approximately 26 miles. winning times for this marathon are all over 2 hours. the following data are the minutes over 2 hours for the winning male runners over two periods of 20 years each. earlier period 14 12 15 22 13 10 19 13 9 14 20 18 16 20 23 12 18 17 6 13 recent period 7 11 7 14 8 9 11 14 8 7 9 8 7 9 9 9 9 8 10 8 (a) make a stem-and-leaf display for the minutes over 2 hours of the winning times for the earlier period. use two lines per stem. (use the tens digit as the stem and the ones digit as the leaf. enter none in any unused answer blanks. for more details, view how to split a stem.) minutes beyond 2 hours earlier period 0 1 2 (b) make a stem-and-leaf display for the minutes over 2 hours of the winning times for the recent period. use two lines per stem. (use the tens digit as the stem and the ones digit as the leaf. enter none in any unused answer blanks.) minutes beyond 2 hours recent period (c) compare the two distributions. how many times under 15 minutes are in each distribution