In snapdragons, variation in flower colori determined by a single gene (Hartl and Jones 2005). RR individuals are red, Rr (heterozy- gous) individuals are pink, and rr individuals are white. In a cross between heterozygous individuals, the expected ratio of red- flowered:pink-flowered:white-flower ed off- spring is 1:2:1.
a. The results of such a cross were 10 red-, 21 pink-, and 9 white-flowered offspring. Do these results differ significantly (at a 5% level) from the expected frequencies?
b. In another, larger experiment, you count 100 times as many flowers as in the experiment in part (a) and get 1000 red, 2100 pink, and 900 white. Do these results differ significantly from the expected 1:2:1 ratio?
c. Do the proportions observed in the two experiments [i. e., in parts (a) and (b)] differ? Did the results of the two hypothesis tests differ? Why or why not?

c

c

c

c

c

c

c

cc

c

step-by-step explanation:

when functions are first introduced, you will probably have some simplistic "functions" and relations to deal with, usually being just sets of points. these won't be terribly useful or interesting functions and relations, but your text wants you to get the idea of what the domain and range of a function are. small sets of points are generally the simplest sorts of relations, so your book starts with those.

step-by-step explanation:

state the domain and range of the following relation. is the relation a function?

{(2, –3), (4, 6), (3, –1), (6, 6), (2, 3)}

the above list of points, being a relationship between certain x's and certain y's, is a relation. the domain is all the x-values, and the range is all the y-values. to give the domain and the range, i just list the values without duplication:

domain: {2, 3, 4, 6}

range: {–3, –1, 3, 6}

(it is customary to list these values in numerical order, but it is not required. sets are called "unordered lists", so you can list the numbers in any order you feel like. just don't duplicate: technically, repetitions are okay in sets, but most instructors would count off for this.)

while the given set does indeed represent a relation (because x's and y's are being related to each other), the set they gave me contains two points with the same x-value: (2, –3) and (2, 3). since x = 2 gives me two possible destinations (that is, two possible y-values), then this relation is not a function.

note that all i had to do to check whether the relation was a function was to look for duplicate x-values. if you find any duplicate x-values, then the different y-values mean that you do not have a function. remember: for a relation to be a function, each x-value has to go to one, and only one, y-value.

state the domain and range of the following relation. is the relation a function?

{(–3, 5), (–2, 5), (–1, 5), (0, 5), (1, 5), (2, 5)}

i'll just list the x-values for the domain and the y-values for the range: