11) Which of the following is NOT an assumption of Simple Linear Regression? a. There is constant variance with the residuals
b. The residuals are normally distributed
c. The independent variables are not collinear
d. The values of the residuals are independent of one another.
12) Which of one the following graph types would be best if you wanted to show the number of
occurrences (frequency) of data that are divided into categories?
a. Strip chart
b. Bar graph
c. Box plot
d. Histogram.
13) When standardizing measures of distance what do the Z-values refer to?
a. Units of distance from the mean
b. All P-values contained in the Probability Distribution Table
c. Areas to the right in the histogram
d. The range of data contained in the histogram.
14) In regression analysis if the R2 value is high, this means what?
a. There are other factors that explain or predict the dependent variable that are not
included among the independent variables
b. Y values cannot be predicted based on given X values
c. The model does not fit the data very well
d. None of the above.
15) In an OLS regression model the residual error can be defined as which of the following?
a. The difference between the regression line and the observed X
b. The difference between predicted Y and observed Y
c. The estimated ~1 value
d. The estimate of the regression.
16) If a Moran's I value equals zero this means ...
a. A dispersed pattern
b. There is negative spatial autocorrelation
c. There is no spatial autocorrelation
d. A clustered pattern.
17) A GWR model is "Miss-Specified" if...
a. It has a low Adjusted R2
b. There is randomness (dependence) in the model residuals
c. It has a high Adjusted R2
d. A single variable explains 100% of the geographic phenomena being tested.
18) A "leverage point" in an ordinary least squares regression refers to:
a. An outlier
b. An observation that is similar to its neighbours
c. A point that can influence the regression in a way that reflects the value of most
other points
d. None of the above.
19) A Type I Error means which of the following:
a. Accepting the Null hypothesis
b. Accepting the Null hypothesis incorrectly
c. Rejecting the Null hypothesis incorrectly
d. Rejecting both the Alternative and the Null hypothesis.
20) If points do not align with the diagonal lines in a QQ-Plot this tells us that ...
a. There is skewness in the data
b. The variable has a weak positive correlation
c. The variable is not normally distributed
d. None of the above.