18. Which function is the result of translating y = x^2 downward by 3 units and to the left by 4 units? A) y = (x – 3)^2 + 4
B) y = (x + 3)^2 – 4
C) y = (x + 4)^2 – 3
D) y = (x – 4)^2 + 3

C

Step-by-step explanation:

Given f(x) then f(x + k) represents a horizontal translation of f(x)

• If k > 0 then shift left by k units

• If k < 0 then shift right by k units

Here the shift is 4 units to the left, thus

y = (x + 4)²

Given f(x) then f(x) + k represents a vertical translation of f(x)

• If k > 0 then shift up by k units

• If k < 0 then shift down by k units

Here the shift is 3 units down, thus

y = (x + 4)² - 3 → C

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