There is a stack of 10 cards, each given a different number from 1 to 10. Suppose we select a card randomly from the stack, replace it, and then randomly select another card. What is the probability that the first card is an odd number and the second card is greater than 7

Explanation:

Here's our sample space

{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}

This is the set of all possible outcomes.

We see that {1,3,5,7,9} are odd. We have 5 odd numbers out of 10 total. The probability of getting an odd number is therefore 5/10 = 1/2. Let A = 1/2 as we'll use it later.

After we select the first card and put it back (or replace it with a copy), the stack of cards is the same as before we made that first selection. So the sample space hasn't changed. The set of values greater than 7 is {8,9,10}. We have 3 items in here out of 10 total. The probability of getting a value larger than 7 is 3/10. Let B = 3/10.

Multiply the values of A and B to get the answer

A*B = (1/2)*(3/10) = 3/20

This represents the probability of getting an odd number on the first selection, and a second card that is larger than 7. This only applies if a replacement is made on the first card. Otherwise, 3/10 would be different.