Dimensional Analysis is also called the Factor Label method and is simply a visual method of converting from one unit to another. Often you will use multiple conversion factors to convert step by step until you reach your goal unit. Remember that x*x = x2 and x /x = 1. This math principle is true of units as well. For example:

(c, 0) i might be wrong so don't put full faith on my answer

85.560%

step-by-step explanation:

conditional probability is defined as:

p(a|b) = p(a∩b) / p(b)

in other words, the probability that a occurs, given that b has occurred = the probability that both a and b occur / the probability that b occurs.

in this example:

p(turns 64 | turns 44) = p(turns 64 & turns 44) / p(turns 44).

if someone turns 64, they must have already turned 44, so:

p(turns 64 | turns 44) = p(turns 64) / p(turns 44)

on page 42, we see that of the original 100,000, 94944 turn 44, and 81234 turn 64.   therefore:

p(turns 64 | turns 44) = 81234 / 94944

p(turns 64 | turns 44) = 0.85560

this is a good question! i'll do some research and come back when i have the answer!