What is the equation of a line that contains point (3, –1) and is PERPENDICULAR to 12x + 4y = 8?

Umm.. just started this 2day and its not on my notes(p′︵‵。)

Abby is preparing fruit punch for her party. she starts with a bowl filled with liquid that has 1/2 fruit juice and 1/2 sprite, but she decides it's too fruity. so she pours out 1/4 of the liquid, and then fills the bowl up again with sprite. what fraction of the punch is now sprite?

If i have a 24 in loaf of bread and i cut it into two pieces one 9 in how long was the other