Why can u call y = mx + b a “literal” equation?

Regular price is $77.00 and the discount is 5% find the sale price

Tod does not have any cookies. david gives jeff 8 cookies. then he splits half of the cookies he has left with tod. david let’s c represent the number of cookies that he starts with. he finds the number of cookies that tod has is 1/2 the difference of c and 8. write an expression to represent the number of cookies that tod has.

Me find the value of x each figure.