The principal would like to assemble a committee of 7 students from the 11-member student council. How many different committees can be chosen?

step-by-step explanation:

one of the most important purposes of surface treatment is to alter surface properties according to the requirement of specific applications. for example, hydrophobic coating has been utilized on windshield and eyeglasses. gold atom monolayer on substrate has become a popular surface bioconjugation strategy.  

take the logarithm of both sides (the base of the log doesn't matter):

apply the exponent property - this says that :

distribute the log terms on both sides:

group like terms together:

divide through both sides by the coefficient on :

you can do some additional rewriting here using the properties of the logarithm to simplify things if you like:

inverse operation of addition