A standard deck of 52 cards has 13 ranks (ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack, queen, king) and 4 suits (spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs), such that there is exactly one card for any given rank and suit. The deck is randomly arranged. What is the probability that (a) the top card is an ace or a king. (b) the top card is spades and the second card is clubs. (c) the top card is spades and the second card is an ace. (d) the top 3 cards are all spades. (e) the top 4 cards include 3 different ranks, with one rank apprears twice (for example, an ace of hearts, a 3 of clubs, a 3 of hearts, and a 7 of spades).