As we study random variables, the idea of z-scores will come up again. what is a z-score (in words) and what is the formula for finding a z-score?

For a confidence interval with level C, the value p is equal to (1-C)/2. A 95% confidence interval for the standard normal distribution, then, is the interval (-1.96,1.96), since 95% of the area under the curve falls within this interval. The point estimate for the population proportion is the sample proportion, and the margin of error is the product of the Z value for the desired confidence level (e.g., Z=1.96 for 95% confidence) and the standard error of the point