Jessie has a piece of cardboard that is 8.5 inches by 11 inches. sh makes a picture frame with the cardboard by cutting out a 4 inch by 4 inch square from the center of the cardboard. what is the area of the frame?

First, we determine the area of the piece of cardboard by multiplying its dimensions. 
                area of cardboard = (8.5 inches) x (11 inches) = 93.5 in²
Then, we solve for the area of the cut out square,
              area of the square = (4 inches) x (4 inches) = 16 in²
Then, we subtract the areas giving us the area of the frame which is equal to,
                          77.5 in²

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since the cosine is the ratio of the adjacent side to the hypotenuse, you can see that cos 60° = ½. answer. according to the property of cofunctions (topic 3), sin 30° is equal to cos 60°. sin 30° = ½.