Bob takes the subway to work and uses an escalator at the railway station. if bob runs up 8 steps of the escalator, then it takes him 46.5 seconds to reach the top of the escalator. if he runs up 13 steps of the escalator, then it takes him only 39.0 seconds to reach the top. how many seconds would it take bob to reach the top if he did not run up any steps of the escalator

Agroup of student volunteers participates in a study designed to assess several behavioral interventions for improving output in a repetitive task. prior to the beginning of the study, all volunteers unknowingly observed, and their output is measured. at the beginning of the study, prior to any intervention, the volunteers perform the same task under the observation of a study administrator, and their overall output increases. which of the following terms describes this phenomenon? a. simpson's paradox b. hawthorne effect are d. novelty effect d. pygmalion effect e. observer-expectancy effect