Suppose we have two thermometers. One thermometer is very precise but is delicate and heavy (X). We have another thermometer that is much cheaper and lighter, but of unknown precision (Y). We would like to know if we can (reliably) bring the lighter thermometer with us into the field. So, we set up an experiment where we expose both thermometers to 31 different temperatures and measure the temperature with each. We get the following observations x = 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36, 40, 44, 48, 52, 56, 60, 64, 68, 72, 76, 80, 84, 88, 92, 96, 100, 104, 108, 112, 116, 120
y = 0.02, 3.99, 7.91, 12.03, 16.09, 20.00, 23.98, 28.09, 31.94, 36.03, 40.00, 44.05, 47.95, 52.00, 55.87, 59.90, 63.91, 67.95, 72.11, 76.02, 80.01, 84.10, 88.06, 91.74, 96.02, 99.95, 103.87, 108.01, 111.99, 116.04, 120.03

We want to test if these thermometers seem to be measuring the same temperatures. Let's use the threshold α=0.1.

Required:
a. Write down the appropriate hypothesis tests for β1.
b. The test statistic is