I'm confused about how to calculate it without actually doing calculations, can someone help me with how to calculate and explain it?

i you goofed up when writing this, because hnot is not a word minusf is not either. i cannot answer   because of that.

step-by-step explanation:

options a,b,c are the right answer.

step-by-step explanation:

a linear parent function is always represented as y = x

if we write this function in the form of y=mx+c

⇒

or  

now if we plot a graph we will find these characteristics:

1) y intercept of the graph is zero so its a straight line passing through origin.

2) as we can see in both the forms of function written, values of x and y may be either positive or negative for the positive slope means points on the graph are either in first quadrant or in third one.

3) it's slope is one.

hard

step-by-step explanation: