A question about summation notation in series. Could someone explain why the answers in the attached image are correct? For the left question, the top two choices seem to be the exact same thing, so I do not understand why one is correct while the other is not. For the right question, why is the answer (4n+4)? When the bottom limit is the 0th term, I thought you were supposed to replace the n in the equation with (n-1), which would make it (4n-4).

a framing bias

step-by-step explanation:

rodrigo is subject to a framing bias i believe.

system of linear equation

step-by-step explanation:

as given in the data

a= 20 , b= -12

let us suppose that it is a straight line equation

now we know the formula for the system of linear equation

b= ma + c )

here m is slope of a straight line which is equal to formula

m=   (ii)

and here c is a constant

now putting the value of a and b in equation (ii)

m=

m=

putting the value of a,b and m in equation (i) gives us

-12 = + c

-12=-12 + c

adding 12 to both sides

-12 +12 = -12 +12 +c

0 =c

or c=0

as the value of the constant is zero which gives us that it is a linear equation and this order pair satisfies the system of linear equations.