I really need help pls help me

Quick translate "x is 12 units from 20" into an equation. what are the values of x being described? if you can answer any of my other questions that'd be great too

Do more republicans (group a) than democrats (group b) favor a bill to make it easier for someone to own a firearm? two hundred republicans and two hundred democrats were asked if they favored a bill that made it easier for someone to own a firearm. how would we write the alternative hypothesis?

Two friends are reading books. jimmy reads a book with 21,356 words. his friend bob reads a book with one-and-a-half times as many words. which expression represents the number of words bob reads?