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In  mathematics, the  pythagorean theorem, also known as  pythagoras' theorem, is a fundamental relation in  euclidean geometryamong the three sides of a  right triangle. it states that the square of the  hypotenuse  (the side opposite the  right angle) is equal to the sum of the squares of the  other two sides. the  theorem  can be written as an  equationrelating the lengths of the sides  a,  b  and  c, often called the "pythagorean equation".