An article in Fortune (September 21, 1992) claimed that nearly one-half of all engineers continue academic studies beyond the B. S. degree, ultimately receiving either an M. S. or a Ph. D. degree. Data from an article in Engineering Horizons (Spring 1990) indicated that 117 of 484 new engineering graduates were planning graduate study. Are the data from Engineering Horizons consistent with the claim reported by Fortune

Amachine that produces a special type of transistor (a component of computers) has a 2% defective rate. the production is considered a random process where each transistor is independent of the others. (a) what is the probability that the 10th transistor produced is the first with a defect? (b) what is the probability that the machine produces no defective transistors in a batch of 100? (c) on average, how many transistors would you expect to be produced before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (d) another machine that also produces transistors has a 5% defective rate where each transistor is produced independent of the others. on average how many transistors would you expect to be produced with this machine before the first with a defect? what is the standard deviation? (e) based on your answers to parts (c) and (d), how does increasing the probability of an event a↵ect the mean and standard deviation of the wait time until success?