Which transformation from the graph of a graph of a function f(x) describes the graph of f(x)-1

An episode of a television show is 60 minutes long when it originally airs with commercials. on a dvd without commercials, the episode is only 417 minutes long. how many1-minute commercials did the episode include when it originally aired? write and solve an equation to justify your answer.

Molly shared a spool of ribbon with 12 people. each person received 3 feet of ribbon. which equation can she use to find r, the number of feet of ribbon that her spool originally had?

1: 4 if the wew 35 surfboards at the beach how many were short boards?