How do I determine scale factor?
Please explain, I need this for classwork.

An investment decreases in value by 30% in the first year and decreases by 40% in the second year. what is the percent decrease in percentage in the investment after two years

Set $r$ is a set of rectangles such that (1) only the grid points shown here are used as vertices, (2) all sides are vertical or horizontal and (3) no two rectangles in the set are congruent. if $r$ contains the maximum possible number of rectangles given these conditions, what fraction of the rectangles in set $r$ are squares? express your answer as a common fraction.

At wind speeds above 1000 centimeters per second (cm/sec), significant sand-moving events begin to occur. wind speeds below 1000 cm/sec deposit sand and wind speeds above 1000 cm/sec move sand to new locations. the cyclic nature of wind and moving sand determines the shape and location of large dunes. at a test site, the prevailing direction of the wind did not change noticeably. however, the velocity did change. fifty-nine wind speed readings gave an average velocity of x = 1075 cm/sec. based on long-term experience, σ can be assumed to be 245 cm/sec. (a) find a 95% confidence interval for the population mean wind speed at this site. (round your answers to the nearest whole number.) lower limit cm/sec upper limit cm/sec