Each of the letters through T written on separare Index cards and placed in a bag. Which ratio written in simplest form represents the probability that a vowel after and before N in the alphabet is selected?

i'm assuming that it's c.)   volcanoes built the mountains and earthquakes tore them down.

take the logarithm of both sides (the base of the log doesn't matter):

apply the exponent property - this says that :

distribute the log terms on both sides:

group like terms together:

divide through both sides by the coefficient on :

you can do some additional rewriting here using the properties of the logarithm to simplify things if you like: