How does this substitution rule in calculus work?

Step-by-step explanation:

Using the u-substitution rule makes it easier to read and work with composite functions, i.e. (f(g(x)) by putting the variable u in place of the inner function, or g(x). You then multiply this by the derivative of u, also called du. Then, you place your original function in place of u and the derivatives, which gives you your answer.

left 3, up 4

step-by-step explanation:

just count the values of x & y of the vertex of the graph and see how many units in the x and y direction will get you from the f(x) graph to the f(x) graph