Abox of manufactured items contains 12 items. of which four are defective

ArrayAn arrangement of objects in equal rowscolumna vertical group of items often found in an arraycommutative propertytwo factors can be multiplied in either order to find the product
ex.) 3 x 4 = 12 
ex.) 4 x 3 = 12distributive propertyTo multiply a sum by a number, multiply each addend by the number outside the parentheses.
ex. ) 12 x 3 = (10 x 3) + (2 x 3)divisionAn operation in which we make parts out of a number, which are equalequationA mathematical sentence that contains an equals sign.factorone of two or more numbers, that when multiplied together produce a given productmethoda way of doing operation used for the shortening of repeated additionnumber bonda model showing part, part, whole relationshipsnumber of groupsfactor in a multiplication problem that refers to the total equal groupsnumber sentenceA complete sentence that uses numbers and symbols instead of wordspictureillustrate, show, represent, portray, or depictquotientthe answer when one number is divided by another ex.) 14 / 2 = 7repeated additionadding equal groups together ex.) 2 + 2 + 2 + 2rowa horizontal group of items often found in an arraysize of groupsfactor in a multiplication problem that refers to the how many in each grouptape diagramA drawing that looks like a segment of tape, used to illustrate number relationships.unitone segment of a partitioned tape diagramProductThe answer to a multiplication problemRepresentsWhat the number you found stands for in your problem.

The answer is biodiversity resulting from new ancestors.