How many factors are in the expression 2w(w+9)

the answer is; biodiversity resulting from few ancestors

adaptive radiation occurs when a population is subjected to a large natural environment with spatial ecological variations. the parts of the population in the different ecologies begin to adapt to their local environments. due to non-random mating across the large populations, this causes the different populations from the large population to speciate within their local environments. they, therefore, diverge to different species sharing a common ancestor.  

a mantle plume is an upwelling of abnormally hot rock within the earth's mantle. as the heads of mantle plumes can partly melt when they reach shallow depths, they are thought to be the cause of volcanic centers known as hotspots and probably also to have caused flood basalts.

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