Which statement is true? a: correlation or association proves causation. b: causation requires either correlation or association. c: causation can exist without correlation or association. d: all correlations indicate causal links. e: if there is correlation, then there is causation.

B: Causation requires either correlation or association.

Step-by-step explanation:

Causation is difficult to explain, but you can understand it as the reason why something happens, or the event that unfolds the realization of another event, and in order for something to cause another thing, you need correlation or association, something that is entirely unrelated to something else, can not cause it.

351°f

step-by-step explanation:

step-by-step explanation:

f(x)=2x^2 -1 

translation is a function transformation that transform the function in a way of translating. by translating the function its graph is moved  up an down. moving the function f(x) 2 units to the left will be the new function g(x) with the equation: g(x)=f(x+2)=2(x+2)^2 -1