Bergmann’s rule:
a)is based on the principle that heat is retained at the body surface
b)concerns the relationship between climate and shape and size of appendages
c)state that bodies with increased mass or volume to surface area are optimal for cold climates
d)states that a linear body with long arms and legs is optimal for cold climates

The answer is C: state that bodies wit increased mass or volume to surface are optimal for cold climates.

Explanation:

The bergmann rule establishes that the species of animals that maintain their body temperature within normal limits regardless of the ambient temperature, when they live in cold weather, tend to be of greater volume and weight than those of the same species that live in other warmer regions. A clear example of this are the North Pole penguins, which are larger than African penguins.

elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) lead to spillage of glucose into the urine, hence the term sweet urine.