Explain the difference between a dominant negative mutation and haploinsufficiency at the molecular level. an enzyme, encoded by gene a, converts substrate x into product y. individuals with a rare dominant mutation in gene a have severe neurological symptoms. if you could purify protein a from affected and unaffected individuals, how would you determine if the symptoms were caused by a dominant negative mutation versus haploinsufficiency. in your answer, explain your experimental results.

Mr. wayne is a 38-year-old man with a significant history of elevated cholesterol levels. his father died at age 42 from a massive heart attack secondary to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and two of his older siblings are currently taking medications to lower their cholesterol levels. mr. wayne makes an appointment to discuss his risk for hypercholesterolemia. the nurse recognizes that mr. wayne is at risk for familial hypercholesterolemia because this is an autoomal dominant inherited condition. a. describe the pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. b. mr. wayne asks what chance his children have of developing familial hypercholesterolemia. how should the nurse respond? c. explain the phenomenon of penetrance observed in autosomal dominant inheritance.