Microbes can enter the catheter system through which of the following means? (select all that apply.) a. contamination of the drainage port when emptying the drainage bag. b. making sure the catheter tubing is closed and the red seal is intact. c. performing hand hygiene and wearing gloves before touching the catheter tubing. d. during the process of inserting the patient's catheter. e. placing the drainage bag so that it does not touch the floor.

Mr. wayne is a 38-year-old man with a significant history of elevated cholesterol levels. his father died at age 42 from a massive heart attack secondary to elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, and two of his older siblings are currently taking medications to lower their cholesterol levels. mr. wayne makes an appointment to discuss his risk for hypercholesterolemia. the nurse recognizes that mr. wayne is at risk for familial hypercholesterolemia because this is an autoomal dominant inherited condition. a. describe the pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance. b. mr. wayne asks what chance his children have of developing familial hypercholesterolemia. how should the nurse respond? c. explain the phenomenon of penetrance observed in autosomal dominant inheritance.