Attempt 2 there are almost 500 naturally occurring variants of hemoglobin. most are the result of a single amino acid substitution in a globin polypeptide chain. some variants produce clinical illness, though not all variants have deleterious effects. identify the variant or variants that can be described by each of the three statements by placing the letter corresponding to the statement next to the variant. statement b may describe more than one variant, and a variant may be described by more than one statement. at least one variant will not match any description. a. the hb variant least likely to cause pathological symptoms. b. the variants most likely to show pi values different from that of hba on an isoelectric focusing gel. c. the variant most likely to show a decrease in bpg binding and an increase in ove

Harold, a fifty-eight year old grocery store manager, had recently been waking up in the middle of the night with abdominal pain. this was happening several nights a week. he was also experiencing occasional discomfort in the middle of the afternoon. harold decided to schedule an appointment with his physician. the doctor listened as harold described his symptoms and then asked harold some questions. he noted that harold's appetite had suffered as a result of the pain he was experiencing and as a result of the fear that what he was eating may be responsible for the pain. otherwise, harold seemed fine. the doctor referred harold to a physician that specialized in internal medicine and had harold make an appointment for a procedure called an endoscopy. the endoscopy was performed at a hospital later that week. during the procedure, a long, thin tube was inserted into harold's mouth and directed into his digestive tract. the end of the tube was equipped with a light source and a small camera which allowed the doctor to observe the interior of harold's stomach. the endoscope was also equipped with a small claw-like structure that the doctor could use in order to obtain a small tissue sample from the lining of harold's stomach, if required. the endoscopy revealed that harold had a peptic ulcer. analysis of a tissue sample taken from the site showed that harold also had an infection that was caused by helicobacterpylori bacteria. the doctor who performed the endoscopy gave harold prescriptions for two different antibiotics and a medication that would decrease the secretion of stomach acid. the doctor also instructed harold to schedule an appointment for another endoscopy procedure in 6 months. 1. list the subjective findings in this case study. 2. what is an endoscopy? (2 points) what is a biopsy? 3. how was a biopsy performed on harold? 4. differentiate between gastric and duodenal ulcers by location. 5. what role does h. pylori play in the formation of peptic ulcers? 6. define occult and frank blood. (4 points) what is a guaiac test? 7. how can peptic ulcers cause bleeding? 8. why were antibiotics prescribed? 9. why would a medication that would decrease the secretion of stomach acid be beneficial?

Anurse is assessing a client who is receiving oxytocin via continuous iv infusion for labor augmentation. the nurse notes six contractions in a 10 min period with a non-reassuring fhr. which of the following actions should the nurse take first? a. discontinue the oxytocin iv infusion. b. turn the client to her left side. c. administer terbutaline 0.25 mg subcutaneously. d. apply oxygen at 10 l/min via face mask.

Anurse is teaching a client who is to begin cyclophosphamide therapy to treat cancer. which of the following adverse effects of this medication should the nurse include in the teaching? a. hypotension b. bradycardia c. hyperglycemia d. leukopenia