A CST is assisting a surgeon on a deep abdominal case. The surgeon unexpectedly asks Dave for a stick tie. Describe what the CST should pass to the surgeon, particularly in terms of instrument length, suture length, needle type, suture type and gauge? What should the CST do if the required items are not at hand? What might the CST ask the surgeon after the case to ensure that the correct items were available the next time he performs this type of procedure?

Ahealthy 26-year-old woman sustained a significant crush injury to her right upper extremity while on the job at a local construction site. she was brought to the emergency department and subsequently underwent pinning and reconstructive surgery and received perioperative broad-spectrum antibiotics. her blood pressure remained normal throughout her hospital course. on the second hospital day, a medical consultant noted a marked increase in her creatinine, from 0.8 to 1.9 mg/dl. her urine output dropped to 20 ml/h. serum creatine kinase was ordered and reported as 3400 units/l. questions what are the primary causes of this patient’s acute kidney injury? how should her kidney injury be categorized (as prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal)? how should she be treated?