How does this history of high blood pressure demonstrate the problem description and etiology components of the P. E.R. I. E. process

Ithink the answer is a and c.

Where are the choices?

Agroup of engineering students from purdue university reported that its licking machine, modeled after a human tongue, took an average of 364 licks to get to the center of a tootsie pop. twenty of the group's volunteers assumed the licking challenge-unassisted by machinery-and averaged 252 licks each to the center.