9. What are phonological processes? Provide three examples, Which phonological pro cesses typically have the earliest age of suppression? Latest?
10. Why is it important for an SLP to identify SSDs in a child as early as possible
11. Describe the difference between contextualized and decontextualized assessment
measures.
12. Why is it important to include contextualized measures in an assessment? Are there
bilingual or multicultural considerations?
13. Describe one method of classifying the severity of phonological disorders.
14. What are the four steps of traditional articulation therapy as defined by Van Riper and
Erickson (1996)?
15. Describe four different treatment approaches used to treat children with SSDs.
16. What are phonetic boundaries? When are they established? How can they affect pho-
neme perception as adults?

Mr. will, a 67-year-old patient, is postoperative day 2 after a coronary artery bypass graft operation to revascularize his coronary arteries that were significantly blocked. he has a midline incision of his chest and a 7-inch incision on the inner aspect of his right thigh where a saphenous vein graft was harvested and used to vascularize the blocked coronary artery. the surgeon ordered oxycodone 5 mg every 4 hours prn for moderate pain and oxycodone 10 mg every 4 hours prn for severe pain. a. considering the patient's age, what medication administration considerations should the nurse incorporate into the pain management plan and why? b. what measures should the nurse provide the patient to prevent adverse effects of analgesic agents from occurring? c. what nonpharmacologic pain management methods should the nurse teach to mr. will to assist with pain management?