What are the particles on the outer shell of an atom called? valence electrons orbiting protons neutrons nuclei

Electrons are the sub atomic particles of an atom which are on the outer rotating orbit and the outer shell contains the valence electrons.  

Option A

Explanation:

The valence electrons are those which determines the valency of an atom. This is determined by the number of electron required to fill up the outer shell.

The filling up of outer shell is essential in order to become a stable atom. Therefore the outer shell consists of the particle referred to as the valence electrons.

the part of the wave he is travelling on is the crest

molecules are free to separate from each other and will take on the shape of the container. molecules move completely at random and high speeds. they vibrate in a fixed position and do not move around much. molecules expand to the edge of their container.