Why isn’t earth a closed system? a. it reflects and radiates energy b. matter continually cycles between the spheres c. large amounts of matter come to earth from space d. earthquakes, volcanoes, and hot springs release energy from earth’s interior

Earth is actually considered a closed system so this question is confusing.

C. Large amounts of matter come to earth from space

Explanation:

A closed system is a system where only energy is transferred to the surrounding. No matter will be transferred into the system or out of the system.

By that definition earth is not closed system. since large amount of matter from distant supernovas, asteroids etc. has been deposited on earth from the very beginning.

We mine Gold, uranium for our use which was deposited on earth by supernovas So all deposits of iron, aluminum etc. come from stars massive than our sun.

The amount of all these mineral deposits are pretty high, needless to mention the addition of mass by meteorites and the loss of mass by sending space crafts to space

So we can say earth is not a closed system

Note:

But for our current calculations we treat earth as a closed system since no mineral deposit is made on earth at the moment by supernova burst (life on earth will come to an end if that happens now). The loss of mass by sending objects into space and the addition of mass by meteorites are very negligible compared to the mass of earth. So for simplicity purpose we consider earth as a closed system

acceleration = (change in speed) / (time for the change)

change in speed = (20-120)= -100 m/s.

1.5 min = 90 sec

acceleration = -100/90 = -1.11 m/s^2.

we don't care about the 150kg or the 2,500 meters. they don't make any difference.

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force is mass*acceleration.

we have a very small mass: 11.4*0.001 kg

if we want 0.035n of force, we need an acceleration:

0.035 = 11.4*0.001*a

a = 0.035/(11.4*0.001) m/s^2