Acar leaves the road traveling at 110 km/h and hits a tree, coming to a stop in 0.14 s. what average force does a seatbelt exert on a 60-kg passenger during this collision? wolfson, richard. essential university physics, volume 1 (page 67). pearson education. kindle edition.

We use the Newtons law,

                       (A)

Equation of motion,

                  (B)

Here, v is final velocity , u is initial velocity and a is acceleration.

Given   .

As car coming to stop, so final velocity becomes zero i.e  .

Substituting these values in equation (B), we get

Here, negative sign means, deceleration to rest.

As given the mass of passenger, m = 60 kg.

Therefore, from equation (A),

Thus , the force seat belt exert on the passenger during the collision is

the independent variable, the one that is intentionally manipulated, is whether or not the car hits the barrier.

the dependent variable, the one that you measure the response in, is the distance that the washers travel.