When you rub against a rough surface

Light from the sun reaches the earth in 8.3 minutes. the velocity is 3.00 x 10^8 m/s. how far is earth from the sun? i know how to get to d = (3 x 10^8 m/s)(498 sec). i just don't know how to get from there to the answer being 1.5 x 10^11 m.

Which changes would result in a decrease in the gravitational force btween two objects? check all that apply

Avector of magnitude 2 cannot be added to a vector of magnitude 3 so that the magnitude of the resultant is a. zero b. 1 c. 3 d. 5 e. 7