The wavelength of red helium-neon laser light in air is 632.8 nm.
(a) what is its frequency?
(b) what is its wavelength in glass that has an index of refractionof 1.48?
(c) what is its speed in the glass?

(a)

The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is given by:

where

is the speed of the wave in a vacuum (speed of light)

is the wavelength

In this problem, we have laser light with wavelength

. Substituting into the formula, we find its frequency:

(b) 427.6 nm

The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave in a medium is given by:

where

is the original wavelength in a vacuum (approximately equal to that in air)

is the index of refraction of the medium

In this problem, we have

n = 1.48 (index of refraction of glass)

Substituting into the formula,

(c)

The speed of an electromagnetic wave in a medium is

where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and n is the refractive index of the medium.

Since in this problem n=1.48, we find

as we know our atmosphere or air have different levels. every level has other gasses, and every gas has another permeability. when the light comes from lower permeability to higher permeability, it changes its direction. so that means that when the light comes from the moon to the earth, it changes it's direction many more times. it basically means that the shape of the light part of the moon is changed on the earth.

hope this ! this is not copied! search it up, it's free of plagiarism!