The steel pipe has an inner diameter of 2.75in and an outer diameter of 3in. if it is fixed at c and subjected to the horizontal 60-lb force acting on the handle of the pipe wrench at its end, determine the principal stresses in the pipe at point a, which is located on the outer surface of the pipe.

The weights of bags filled by a machine are normally distributed with a standard deviation of 0.05 kilograms and a mean that can be set by the operator. at what level should the mean weight be set if it required that only 1% of the bags weigh less than 9.5 kilograms? round the answer to 2 decimal places.