According to newton's first law of motion, what will an object in motion do when external force acts come to a stop move at the same velocity speed up change direction

Assuming weightless pulleys and 100% efficiency, what is the minimum input force required to lift a 120 n weight using a single fixed pulley?

Air is held within a frictionless piston-cylinder container, which is oriented vertically. the mass of the piston is 0.45 kg and the cross-sectional area is 0.0030 m2. initially (state 1) the pressure of the gas is sufficient to support the weight of the piston as well as the force exerted by the atmospheric pressure ( 101.32 kpa). the volume occupied by the air within the cylinder in state 1 is 1.00 liter. one end of a spring (with spring constant k = 1000 n/m) is attached to the top of the piston, while the other end of the spring is attached to a stage that can move vertically. initially the spring is undeflected and therefore exerts no force. then the stage is then moved quasistatically downward a distance of 10.0 cm, at which point the system reaches state 2. the piston-cylinder is not insulated; rather it remains in diathermal contact with the surroundings, which are at a constant temperature of 300 k. what is the change of pressure within the container?

Assume similar data for the motion of the blood in your aorta. estimate how many beats of the heart it will take the blood to get from your heart to your brain. (assume that the distance from your heart to your brain is 30 cm)