Calculate the total amount of int ernal energy lost per year from earth, assuming a heat flux of 7.5 x 10-10 j m-2 s- (b) calculate the temperature of earth if the 'heat flux' had been constant over the age of the solar system but none of the heat had escaped the planet. a typical value for the specific heat of rock is cp = 1.2 × 103 j kg k-1

Space-time metric ds2= -dt2+at2dx2+bt2dy2+ct2dz2 (a)how does the area of a rectangle with vertices at ( x=0, y=0, z=0 ), (1,0,0 ), ( 0,1,0 ) and (1,1,0 ) changes with time? (b) if a photon moving in the x direction starts from the origin at t=1, when does it reach x=l? (ds=0 for the trajectory of a photon.) (c) the proper time for a particle is defined by cd=ds. what is the proper time for a particle to move along the trajectory ( x(t)=t, y(t)=0, z(t)=0 ) from t=0 to 1 ? what is the condition on the parameter a so that the velocity of the particle never exceeds the speed of light ?

An experiment is designed to test the relationship between the initial height of a basketball before it is dropped to the height of its rebound bounce. the height of the rebound bounce is measured using a scale positioned behind the ball. in the above experiment, which condition would not be controlled? a). the starting height of the ballb). the surface the ball bounces on c). the type of ball d). the method to measure the rebound height of the ball

Askydiver weighing 140 lb (including equipment) falls vertically downward from an altitude of 19,000 ft and opens the parachute after 18 s of free fall. assume that the force of air resistance, which is directed opposite to the velocity, is of magnitude 0.55|v| when the parachute is closed and is of magnitude 14|v| when the parachute is open, where the velocity v is measured in ft/s. assume that acceleration due to gravity has magnitude 32 ft/s/s; remember that weight is the product of mass and gravitational acceleration. (a) find the speed of the skydiver when the parachute opens. (b) find the distance fallen before the parachute opens. (c) what is the limiting velocity vl after the parachute opens? (d) determine how long the sky diver is in the air after the parachute opens. (e) plot the graph of velocity versus time from the beginning of the fall until the skydiver reaches the ground.