Consider a cylindrical distribution of charge. the cylindrical surface is infinite in length with radius rc and uniform charge distribution rs [c/m2] on its surface. determine the e field at a distance r away from the center of the cylinder. just set up the problem to where all that is left is integrations and math. don't perform the integrations. do not use a gaussian surface to solve this problem.

An  atom  (ours, not carroll's) consists of a positively charged  nucleus, surrounded by one or more negatively charged particles called  electrons. the positive charges equal the negative charges, so the atom has no overall charge; it is electrically neutral. most of an atom's mass is in its nucleus; the mass of an electron is only 1/1836 the mass of the lightest nucleus, that of hydrogen. although the nucleus is heavy, it is quite small compared with the overall size of an atom. the radius of a typical atom is around 0.1 to 0.25 nanometres (nm), whereas the radius of a nucleus is about 10-6  nm.  *  if an atom were enlarged to the size of the earth, its nucleus would be only 200 feet in diameter and could easily rest inside a small football stadium.read more on -

The earths atmosphere is made up of nitrogen and oxygensolids turning into gases is called sublimation.

Lx bxh

The answer is b.the gaseous state is electrically positive, while the plasma state is electrically negative.