The density of water at 0ºc is very nearly 1000kg/m3 (it is actually 999.84 kg/m3), whereas the density of ice at 0ºc is 917 kg/m3. calculate the pressure necessary to keep ice from expanding when it freezes, neglecting the effect such a large pressure would have on the freezing temperature. (this problem gives you only an indication of how large the forces associated with freezing water might be.) (b) what are the implications of this result for biological cells that are frozen

1.8 x 10⁸ N / m²

Explanation:

Volume of 1000 kg of water = 1 m³

Volume of 1000 kg of ice = 1 / .917 = 1.09 m³

Change in volume = .09 m³

Volume strain = Change in volume / original volume = .09 / 1 = .09

Bulk modulus of elasticity of ice is 2 x 10⁹ N / m²

a ) Bulk modulus = change in pressure / volume strain

change in pressure = bulk modulus x volume strain.

Change in pressure = 2 x 10⁹ x .09 = 1.8 x 10⁸ N./ m².

When water inside the cell freezes it creates huge pressure on the cell wall

breaking it . Even walls of many internal structures of cell are broken leading it to die.