Acertain amount of water of heat capacity c is at a temperature of 0°c. it is placed in contact with a heat bath at 100° c and two come into thermal equilibrium 1. what is the entropy change of the universe? 2. the process is now divided into two stages: first the water is placed in contact with a heat bath at 50° c and comes into thermal equilibrium; then it is placed in contact with the heat bath at 100 c. what is the entropy change of the universe? 3. the process is divided into four stages with heat baths at 25, 50, 75, m and 100°c. what is the entropy change of the universe in this case? 4. if we were to continue this subdivision into an infinite number of heat baths what would be the entropy change of the universe?

A23 kg log of wood begins from rest, 300 m up a sluice (a water track used to transport logs, think of it as an inclined plane with negligible friction) inclined at 20° to the horizontal. after it reaches the flat waterway at the bottom it collides elastically with a 100 kg block of wood initially at rest near the base of the incline. (a) how long does it take the 23 kg log to travel down the incline? (b) what is the speed of the 23 kg log at the bottom of the incline? (c) what are the velocities of both blocks of wood after the collision? (d) what is the total kinetic energy before the collision? (e) what is the kinetic energy of the 23 kg log after the collision? (f) what is the kinetic energy of the 100 kg block of wood after the collision? (g) what is the total kinetic energy after the collision? (h) compare the total initial and total final kinetic energies. is this consistent with what you would expect for elastic collisions? explain!

Certain bacteria (such as aquaspirillum magnetotacticum) tend to swim toward the earth’s geographic north pole because they contain tiny particles, called magnetosomes, that are sensitive to a magnetic field. if a transmission line carrying 100 a is laid underwater, at what range of distances would the magnetic field from this line be great enough to interfere with the migration of these bacteria? (assume that a field less than 5% of the earth’s field would have little effect on the bacteria. take the earth’s field to be 5.0 * 10-5 t, and ignore the effects of the seawater.)

Acertain half-reaction has a standard reduction potential e_red^0 = -0.94 v. an engineer proposes using this half-reaction at the cathode of a galvanic cell that e must provide at least 1.00 v of electrical power. the cell will operate under standard conditions. a. is there a minimum standard reduction potential that the half-reaction used at the anode of this cell can have? b. is there a maximum standard reduction potential that the half-reaction used at the anode of this cell can have?