In a gas at (absolute) temperature t, the molecules have a typical kinetic energy of 3kbt/2, where kb is boltzmann’s constant.
derive an expression for the thermal debroglie wavelength, a typical value for the debroglie wavelength λ of a molecule in the gas.
for helium atoms, calculate the debroglie wavelength at room temperature and at the boiling point of helium, and compare each number with the typical distance between the particles in each state.
comment on when we will need to use quantum mechanics in understanding the behavior of helium.

Answer;

hot magma rises and pushes up toward the lithosphere, and as it cools it cycles back down toward the core to be heated again.

explanation; convection currents are the circular pathways taken by a fluid that enhances heat transfer by the process known as convection which occurs in fluids.convection currents transfer heat from one place to another by mass motion of a fluid. earth mantle is in a semi-liquid state and behaves like any other fluid, rising up from the bottom of the mantle after becoming hotter and less dense from heat of the earth's core, as the rock loses heat into the earth's crust it becomes cooler and more dense, then sinking back down to the core, then repeating the cycle.

It has more electrons than an neutral object