Assume the earth is a ball of perimeter 40, 000 kilometers. there is a building 20 meters tall at point a. a robot with a camera placed at 1.75 m. above the surface of the earth starts walking away from the building. at what distance from a, computed on the surface, does the robot cease to see the (top of the) building?

Approximately 21 km.

Explanation:

Refer to the not-to-scale diagram attached. The circle is the cross-section of the sphere that goes through the center C. Draw a line that connects the top of the building (point B) and the camera on the robot (point D.) Consider: at how many points might the line intersects the outer rim of this circle? There are three possible cases:

There's only one such line that goes through the top of the building and intersects the outer rim of the circle only once. That line is a tangent to this circle. In other words, it is perpendicular to the radius of the circle at the point A where it touches the circle.

The camera needs to be on this tangent line when the building starts to disappear. To find the length of the arc that the robot has travelled, start by finding the angle which corresponds to this minor arc.

This angle comes can be split into two parts:

.

Also,

.

The radius of this circle is:

.

The lengths of segment DC, AC, BC can all be found:

In the two right triangles and , the value of and can be found using the inverse cosine function:

.

The length of the minor arc will be:

.

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