Explain the origin of the phase difference between ordinary and extraordinary beam in a λ/4 plate. how thick should a caco3 crystal be if you want to use it as a λ/4 plate for 400 nm light? what should be the orientation of the linear polarized light to obtain circular polarization (rather than elliptical polarization), relative to the optical axis of caco3?

the temperature in kelvin of 2.0 dm3 of an ideal gas is doubled and its pressure is increased by a factor of four. what is the final volume of the gas

part 1: which substance has a higher solubility?

a

smallest amount left undissolved atall temps in table shown most has dissolved high sol'by

0 = 0.40 / 0 = 0

= 0.20 = 9.80 ⁄2 =?

=0 , = = 0.20 =0.50 0 0.40 ⁄

=0−122 =0−12(9.80 ⁄2)(0.50)2 =1.2