Estimate the luminosity of a 1 solar mass protostellar cloud, which collapses from an initial radius of 10^3 au down to a solar radius, over a timescale of 40 million years by radiation of its gravitational potential energy, in the units of the present solar luminosity:

1.what is where an object is located 2. what is how fast an objects speed is changing 3. what is how fast an object is moving

Matter is needed to transfer thermal energy bya. conductionb. convectionc. radiation d. both a & b.

Calculate the minimum energy required to remove one proton from the nucleus 126c. this is called the proton-removal energy. (hint: find the difference between the mass of a 126c nucleus and the mass of a proton plus the mass of the nucleus formed when a proton is removed from 126c.) express your answer with the appropriate units. emin e m i n = nothing nothing request answer part b how does the proton-removal energy for 126c compare to the binding energy per nucleon for 126c, calculated using eb=(zmh+nmn−azm)c2?